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The 6β-hydroxylation of testosterone is catalyzed mainly by CYP3A4 and to a lesser extent CYP3A5 and is responsible for 75 to 80% of cytochrome P450-mediated testosterone metabolism. A small portion of approximately 3% of testosterone is reversibly converted in the liver into androstenedione by 17β-HSD. In the hepatic 17-ketosteroid pathway of testosterone metabolism, testosterone is converted in the liver by 5α-reductase and 5β-reductase into 5α-DHT and the inactive 5β-DHT, respectively.
In female adults, high levels of testosterone may be a sign of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). High levels of testosterone in female infants may lead to enlargement of their clitoris that can look almost like a penis. Excess testosterone in male children can lead to precocious (early) puberty, which is when puberty begins before the age of nine. For adult females, testosterone enhances libido. Synthetic testosterone is the main drug of masculinizing hormone therapy. Healthcare providers use synthetic testosterone to treat and manage various medical conditions. "Anabolic" refers to muscle building, and "androgenic" refers to increased male sex characteristics.
If they’re consistently high or low, you may experience unpleasant symptoms worth discussing with your provider. Testosterone is an essential part of reproductive health. AIS prevents male genitals from developing as they should and almost always results in infertility (it’s difficult or impossible to father children) during adulthood. Late-onset hypogonadism affects about 2% of men over the age of 40. It can also lead to precocious (early) puberty, which is when puberty begins before the age of eight.
Some of these effects may decline as testosterone levels might decrease in the later decades of adult life. Pubertal effects begin to occur when androgen has been higher than normal adult female levels for months or years. Among women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a male-typical play in childhood correlated with reduced satisfaction with the female gender and reduced heterosexual interest in adulthood. Since testosterone levels decrease as men age, testosterone is sometimes used in older men to counteract this deficiency. Low testosterone levels can mimic symptoms of depression and cause anxiety over time Many well-respected medical societies and healthcare experts advise against treating low testosterone in women unless specific criteria are met.
"But in reality, both have important biological functions in both men and women." Testosterone therapy may be an option for women to help address low libido Benefits of testosterone therapy and outcome measures. Regarding the improvement of subjective symptoms, it is recommended that patients are encouraged to be self-aware or provide feedback by appropriate tests. This increases the patient’s satisfaction with treatment and induces self-awareness for improvement in symptoms. It is important to identify the symptoms that are most obvious and uncomfortable for the patients before treatment. Therefore, it is difficult to assess all the symptoms related to testosterone deficiency in real practice settings.
Test subjects with an artificially enhanced testosterone level generally made better, fairer offers than those who received placebos, thus reducing the risk of a rejection of their offer to a minimum. In humans, testosterone appears more to promote status-seeking and social dominance than simply increasing physical aggression. Thus the link between testosterone and aggression and violence is due to these being rewarded with social status. One study proposed that natural selection may have caused men to be more sensitive to situations in which their status is challenged, and that testosterone is the key factor that causes these situations to spark into aggression.
https://git.violka-it.net/jeremyhumble21/2037509/wiki/Testosterone-Replacement-Therapy:-Injections%2

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